BIONIC ARCHITECTURE
The term bionic consists of biology and technology combined together. Bionic science is an interdisciplinary science between materials sciences, biology and engineering, in which lessons learned from nature are the foundation of engineering science. In recent years, a biomimetic approach has been adopted as a mechanism for technology advancement. Throughout the study period, by examining a number of natural structures, I came to several bionic ideas, such as the design of an awning inspired by the honeybee wings, the design of responsive structures inspired by the leukocyte structure, jointed structures design inspired by the outer shell of Armadillo, the design of a moving roof inspired by the sunflower mechanism of movement, the design of a diving suit inspired by the movement of baby dragonflies in water, and so on, all of which are proposed merely as ideas because of lack of opportunities and required equipment to turn them into reality . Here is an example of an awning design inspired by the honeybee wings.
Awning design inspired by the bee's wings: Given the importance of energy resources today and the need for us to reduce using them, it is very important to introduce technologies that can help us in this regard. The design of smart facades and awnings that change direction in accordance with the sun position can be the most optimal means of energy production, also being a good solution for saving energy resources. One more thing to point out is that the nature has the most optimal performance with the least amount of activity and resource consumption. Inspired by this, appropriate solutions to human problems can be provided. In this research, the creation of a moving awning with optimal angles inspired by the honeybee wings has been investigated. Software analysis shows that a suitable scheme can be presented using this template for an awning so that it can adapt to the movement the sun with the highest efficiency.
Honeybee wings: The wings are made to enable the bee to fly fast, have agile change in direction and carry heavy loads. Each of these wings is hooked to the body at the base and is free to move up and down, back and forth, and can be twisted or rotate. The wings move back at a 120 degree angle to one another, and then while they return they move to the left and right. These variations in the wings' angle allow the bee to fly despite the small wings size relative to its weight. When flying the wings join together to create a whole. At the rear edge of the fore wings there is a folding, to which the hind wings' hooks grip resulting in the two wings to create a whole. All movements of the wings are controlled by a complex muscular system in the chest. These muscles do not directly connect to the wings, but are attached to the moving parts in the chest. Wings rotation angles relative to each other, their simultaneous motion in three directions and the dimensions as well as the area of the wings can be an optimal pattern for a moving awning.
In order to design the awning, the Grasshopper Software was used to model and simulate the wings of the honeybee. According to the data obtained from the angles the wings can have on the three axes X, Y, Z, a module of the awning was first simulated. The simulated modules were placed in a hexagonal pattern so that it can cover a wider area. These hexagons are located on the facade of the building, changing their angle in the three directions simultaneously according to the sun position.Due to the amount of radiation required in winter, they have the highest light input then and in summer the least amount is allowed to enter. The optimization of the angles that these modules adopt according to the position of the sun and the season has been done by the Galapagos Plugin.
For optimization by the Galapagos Plugin, the highest amount of shading in the summer and the lowest amount in the winter were acheived. In each case, the most optimal angles were selected. The angles in which the modules had intersecting parts were removed in the software by default.